A tween animation can perform a series of simple transformations (position, size, rotation,
and transparency) on the contents of a View object. So, if you have a TextView object, you can move, rotate, grow, or shrink the text. If it has a
background image, the background image will be transformed along with the text. The animation package provides all the classes used in a tween animation.
A sequence of animation instructions defines the tween animation, defined by either XML or
Android code. As with defining a layout, an XML file is recommended because it's more readable,
reusable, and swappable than hard-coding the animation. In the example below, we use XML. (To
learn more about defining an animation in your application code, instead of XML, refer to the
AnimationSet class and other Animation subclasses.)
The animation instructions define the transformations that you want to occur, when they will occur, and how long they should take to apply. Transformations can be sequential or simultaneous - for example, you can have the contents of a TextView move from left to right, and then rotate 180 degrees, or you can have the text move and rotate simultaneously. Each transformation takes a set of parameters specific for that transformation (starting size and ending size for size change, starting angle and ending angle for rotation, and so on), and also a set of common parameters (for instance, start time and duration). To make several transformations happen simultaneously, give them the same start time; to make them sequential, calculate the start time plus the duration of the preceding transformation.
The animation XML file belongs in the res/anim/ directory of your Android
project. The file must have a single root element: this will be either a single
<alpha>, <scale>, <translate>,
<rotate>, interpolator element, or <set> element that holds
groups of these elements (which may include another <set>). By default, all
animation instructions are applied simultaneously. To make them occur sequentially, you must
specify the startOffset attribute, as shown in the example below.
The following XML from one of the ApiDemos is used to stretch, then simultaneously spin and rotate a View object.
<set android:shareInterpolator="false">
<scale
android:interpolator="@android:anim/accelerate_decelerate_interpolator"
android:fromXScale="1.0"
android:toXScale="1.4"
android:fromYScale="1.0"
android:toYScale="0.6"
android:pivotX="50%"
android:pivotY="50%"
android:fillAfter="false"
android:duration="700" />
<set android:interpolator="@android:anim/decelerate_interpolator">
<scale
android:fromXScale="1.4"
android:toXScale="0.0"
android:fromYScale="0.6"
android:toYScale="0.0"
android:pivotX="50%"
android:pivotY="50%"
android:startOffset="700"
android:duration="400"
android:fillBefore="false" />
<rotate
android:fromDegrees="0"
android:toDegrees="-45"
android:toYScale="0.0"
android:pivotX="50%"
android:pivotY="50%"
android:startOffset="700"
android:duration="400" />
</set>
</set>
Screen coordinates (not used in this example) are (0,0) at the upper left hand corner, and increase as you go down and to the right.
Some values, such as pivotX, can be specified relative to the object itself or relative to the parent. Be sure to use the proper format for what you want ("50" for 50% relative to the parent, or "50%" for 50% relative to itself).
You can determine how a transformation is applied over time by assigning an Interpolator. Android includes several Interpolator subclasses that
specify various speed curves: for instance, AccelerateInterpolator
tells a transformation to start slow and speed up. Each one has an attribute value that can be
applied in the XML.
With this XML saved as hyperspace_jump.xml in the res/anim/
directory of the project, the following code will reference it and apply it to an ImageView object from the layout.
ImageView spaceshipImage = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.spaceshipImage); Animation hyperspaceJumpAnimation = AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(this, R.anim.hyperspace_jump); spaceshipImage.startAnimation(hyperspaceJumpAnimation);
As an alternative to startAnimation(), you can define a starting time for the
animation with Animation.setStartTime()View.setAnimation()
For more information on the XML syntax, available tags and attributes, see Animation Resources.
Note: Regardless of how your animation may move or resize, the bounds of the View that holds your animation will not automatically adjust to accommodate it. Even so, the animation will still be drawn beyond the bounds of its View and will not be clipped. However, clipping will occur if the animation exceeds the bounds of the parent View.
This is a traditional animation in the sense that it is created with a sequence of different
images, played in order, like a roll of film. The AnimationDrawable class is the basis for frame animations.
While you can define the frames of an animation in your code, using the AnimationDrawable class API, it's more simply accomplished with a
single XML file that lists the frames that compose the animation. Like the tween animation above,
the XML file for this kind of animation belongs in the res/drawable/ directory of
your Android project. In this case, the instructions are the order and duration for each frame of
the animation.
The XML file consists of an <animation-list> element as the root node and a
series of child <item> nodes that each define a frame: a drawable resource for
the frame and the frame duration. Here's an example XML file for a frame-by-frame animation:
<animation-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:oneshot="true">
<item android:drawable="@drawable/rocket_thrust1" android:duration="200" />
<item android:drawable="@drawable/rocket_thrust2" android:duration="200" />
<item android:drawable="@drawable/rocket_thrust3" android:duration="200" />
</animation-list>
This animation runs for just three frames. By setting the android:oneshot
attribute of the list to true, it will cycle just once then stop and hold on the last
frame. If it is set false then the animation will loop. With this XML saved as
rocket_thrust.xml in the res/drawable/ directory of the project, it can
be added as the background image to a View and then called to play. Here's an example Activity,
in which the animation is added to an ImageView and then animated when the
screen is touched:
AnimationDrawable rocketAnimation;
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
ImageView rocketImage = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.rocket_image);
rocketImage.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.rocket_thrust);
rocketAnimation = (AnimationDrawable) rocketImage.getBackground();
}
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
if (event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
rocketAnimation.start();
return true;
}
return super.onTouchEvent(event);
}
It's important to note that the start() method called on the AnimationDrawable
cannot be called during the onCreate() method of your Activity, because the
AnimationDrawable is not yet fully attached to the window. If you want to play the animation
immediately, without requiring interaction, then you might want to call it from the onWindowFocusChanged()
For more information on the XML syntax, available tags and attributes, see Animation Resources.